In recent work published from the Enterics group at OUCRU, non-typhoidal Salmonella were found to be an important cause of paediatric gastroenteritis in Ho Chi Minh City. Non-typhoidal Salmonella are an important but poorly characterised cause of paediatric diarrhoea in developing countries. From a large hospital based case-control study in Ho Chi Minh City, 5% (77/1419) of diarrhoeal cases were stool culture-positive for Salmonella and were more likely than non-diarrhoeal controls to be younger, to report a recent diarrhoeal contact and to live in a household with more children. These findings suggest that transmission ofSalmonella may occur through direct human contact in the home.